Nūhou

Introduction Of pena

I loko o ka ʻōnaehana a me nā ʻōnaehana ʻoihana o ke kaiāulu hou, he hana koʻikoʻi nā pipeline. Ua like lākou me nā arterial transport silent, e lawe mālie ana i nā wai, nā kinoea a me nā mea like ʻole, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ikehu, ka hana maʻalahi o ka hana ʻoihana a me ka maʻalahi o ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā. Eia nō naʻe, ma hope o ka hana leo ʻole o ka pipeline, aia kahi "kiaʻi ʻike ʻole" - ka pena pipeline, e hāʻawi ana i ka pale koʻikoʻi no ka pipeline.

1. ka wehewehe a me ka hana o ka pena paipu

ʻO ka pena paipu, e like me ka manaʻo o ka inoa, he pena i hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻopili ʻia i ka ʻili o nā paipu. ʻOi aku kāna hana nui ma mua o ka hoʻonani maʻalahi a me ka hōʻailona, akā e komo hohonu i nā pae āpau o ka pale pipeline a me ka hoʻokō pono ʻana.

(1) Ka pale ʻana i ka ʻino a me ka ʻōpala

Hiki i nā paipu metala ke ʻino a me ka ʻōpala ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa, acidic a alkaline paha. ʻAʻole kēia e hōʻemi wale i ke ola lawelawe o ka pipeline, akā hiki ke alakaʻi i ka leakage pipeline, e hoʻokau i nā pōʻino palekana koʻikoʻi a me ka pollution kaiapuni. Hiki i ka pena paipu ke hana i kahi papa ma ka ʻili o ka paipu e hoʻokaʻawale i ka pale o waho, e pale pono i ka makū, oxygen a me nā mea corrosive a me ka hoʻopili pololei metala. I waena o lākou, hiki i nā puaʻa anti-rust, e like me ke alakaʻi ʻulaʻula, ka pauka zinc, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hana kemika me ka ʻili metala e hana i kahi papa paʻa o nā pūhui, e hoʻonui hou i ka hopena anti-rust. Ma kēia ala, hoʻopaneʻe ka pena paipu i ke kaʻina hana o ka corrosion a me ka ʻōpala, hoʻonui nui i ke ola lawelawe o ka paipu, a hoʻemi i ke kumukūʻai o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana a me ka hoʻololi ʻana ma muli o ka pōʻino paipu.

(2) Hoʻonui i ka pale ʻana i ka wā

ʻO ka pipeline i hōʻike ʻia i waho e kū ana i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o nā ʻano piʻi ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka ʻike ʻana o ka lā e hoʻoulu i ka uhi ʻana i ka makahiki a mae, ʻo ka ua e hoʻonāwaliwali i ka pili ʻana o ka uhi, a ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke anu a me ka wela e hoʻonui ai i ka mea pipeline a emi, pela e pili ana i ka pono o ka uhi. ʻO ka pena paipu kiʻekiʻe ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka wā a hiki ke mālama i ka hana paʻa i nā loli ʻano lōʻihi. ʻO kāna hana kūikawā e pale ai i ka radiation ultraviolet, pale i ka ʻelemakule a me ka embrittlement; I ka manawa like, ʻo ke kūpaʻa wai maikaʻi e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole e komo ka ua i loko o ka uhi, pale i ka corrosion o ka metala lalo. I ka hoʻoilo anuanu, hiki i ka pena paipu ke kū i ka mana o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, me ka ʻole o ka haki ʻana a me ka ʻili; I ke kauwela wela, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi i ka insulation, hoʻemi i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana o loko o ka pipeline, a laila e hōʻemi ana i ke koʻikoʻi wela o ka mea pipeline a hōʻoia i ka hana palekana o ka pipeline.

(3) ʻIke a me ka ʻōlelo aʻo

I loko o nā ʻōnaehana pipeline paʻakikī, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā paipu no nā kumu like ʻole e nā kala maopopo i hiki i nā mea hoʻohana ke hoʻomaopopo koke a hoʻokele pono iā lākou. No ka laʻana, pena pinepine ʻia nā paipu kinoea i ka melemele no ka ʻōlelo ʻana i nā pōʻino a me nā koi hoʻohana kūikawā; Ua pena ʻia nā paipu ahi i ka ʻulaʻula i hiki ke loaʻa koke a hoʻohana ʻia i kahi pilikia. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka pena paipu ke hoʻohui i nā hōʻailona hōʻailona maka i nā wahi pilikia, nā wahi kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā ʻāpana hana kūikawā, e like me ka "pilikia kiʻekiʻe", "mai hoʻopā" a pēlā aku. ʻAʻole hiki i kēia mau hōʻailona ke hoʻomanaʻo wale i nā limahana e hoʻolohe i ka palekana, e pale i ka hana hewa, akā hāʻawi pū i nā ʻike koʻikoʻi no nā limahana hoʻopakele i nā pilikia pilikia, e hoʻolōʻihi i ka wikiwiki o ka mālama ʻana i ka pilikia, a hoʻemi i ka nalowale o nā pōʻino.

(4) E hoʻomaikaʻi i ka nani

ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻo ka nani ka hana nui o ka pena paipu, hiki i kahi ʻāpana maʻemaʻe, ʻaʻahu, ʻulaʻula nani ke hoʻonui i ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻōnaehana paipu. Ma nā wahi ʻoihana, hiki ke hōʻike i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻokele a me ke kiʻi o nā ʻoihana; Ma nā wahi ākea, e like me nā alanui kūlanakauhale, nā wahi noho, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hiki i ka pena paipu nani ke hōʻemi i ka clutter ʻike maka a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke kaiapuni. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka helehelena maikaʻi ke hoʻonui i ka hilinaʻi a me ka hauʻoli o ka lehulehu me nā ʻōnaehana a hoʻonui i ka maikaʻi holoʻokoʻa o ke kūlanakauhale.

2, nā ʻano a me nā ʻano o ka pena paipu

Aia nā ʻano pena pipeline, kēlā me kēia me nā hiʻohiʻona hana kūikawā a me nā hiʻohiʻona noiʻi e hoʻokō i nā pono palekana o nā pipeline like ʻole i nā wahi like ʻole a me nā kūlana hana.

(1) Pena anti-rust

ʻO ka pena anti-rust he uhi i hoʻohana kūikawā ʻia no ka pale ʻana i ka ʻōpala metala, a ʻo ia kekahi o nā uhi kumu no ka pale ʻana i ka pipeline. Loaʻa pinepine ia i nā puaʻa anti-rust a me nā mea hoʻohui, hiki ke hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni pale paʻa ma ka ʻili o ka metala, ke kāohi ʻana i ka pilina ma waena o ka oxygen, ka wai a me ka media corrosive a me ka metala, i mea e pale pono ai i ka hiki ʻana o ka ʻōpala.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka pena anti-rust i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: ka pena anti-rust oily a me ka pena anti-rust wai. ʻO ka pena anti-rust ma muli o ka aila me ka mea hoʻoheheʻe organik e like me ka diluent, loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻomaloʻo wikiwiki a me ka hana anti-rust maikaʻi, akā ma muli o kāna ʻike kiʻekiʻe volatile organic compounds (VOC), loaʻa kekahi hopena i ke kaiapuni a me ke olakino kanaka. no laila, pili ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi mau kapu. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike, hoʻohana ka pena anti-rust wai i ka wai ma ke ʻano he diluent, nona nā pono o ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni, palekana, a ʻaʻole maʻalahi e puhi, a hoʻokō i nā koi o nā lula kaiapuni hou. Eia nō naʻe, lōʻihi kona manawa maloʻo, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāna hana anti-rust ma mua o ka pena anti-rust i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka aila i kekahi mau hihia.
Ma ke ʻano o nā puaʻa anti-rust, ke kēpau ʻulaʻula maʻamau, ka pauka zinc, zinc phosphate a pēlā aku. He hopena maikaʻi ko ke kēpau ʻulaʻula anti-rust, akā, no ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kēpau ʻulaʻula, he mea pōʻino i ke kaiapuni a me ke kino kanaka, ua kaupalena ʻia. Hoʻohana ka Zinc powder anti-rust paint i ka pale electrochemical o ka zinc, hiki ke hāʻawi i ka pale anti-rust maikaʻi i ka wā lōʻihi no nā metala, kūpono loa no ke kaiapuni moana a me nā hanana corrosive ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopili ka pena anti-rust Zinc phosphate me ka ʻili metala e hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni pale phosphate paʻa, nona nā waiwai anti-rust maikaʻi a me ka pale wai.

(2) Pena anti-corrosion

ʻO ka pena anti-corrosion kahi uhi i hoʻolālā kūikawā ʻia e pale aku i ka ʻino ʻana o nā mea kemika, a ke pāʻani nei i kahi kuleana nui i ka pale ʻana i ka pipeline i ke kemika, ka ʻaila, ka mālama ʻana i ka wai a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. Wahi a nā ʻano media corrosive ʻokoʻa, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka pena anti-corrosion i loko o ka peʻa wai-kūpaʻa, ka pena alkali-kūpono, ka pena paʻakai a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka pena paʻa i ka waikawa e pale i ka corrosion o nā mea waikawa, e like me ka sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid a pēlā aku. Loaʻa pinepine nā formulations i nā resins acid-resistant a me nā mea hoʻopihapiha kūikawā e mālama i ka pono a me ka paʻa o ka uhi i nā wahi acidic. ʻO ka pena alkaline no nā mea alkaline, e like me ka sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, he kūpaʻa alkali maikaʻi. ʻO ka pena paʻakai kūʻē i ka paʻakai e pale aku i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka paʻakai ma nā wahi kahakai a i ʻole nā kaiapuni moana, ma o ke ʻano o ka uhi ʻana a me nā puaʻa pale pale, pale pono i ka waiho ʻana o ka paʻakai a me ka ʻino ma ka ʻili o ka pipeline.
I ke koho ʻana i ka pena anti-corrosion, pono e noʻonoʻo pono i ka waena, ka mahana hana, ke kaomi a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka lawe ʻana i ka pipeline. No ka laʻana, i loko o ka pipeline kemika, inā he kemika corrosive ka lawe ʻana, pono e koho i kahi pena anticorrosive me ke kūpaʻa kemika maikaʻi loa, a koho i ke ʻano resin a me ka puaʻa e like me ke ʻano kikoʻī o ka kemika.

(3) Peʻa pale wela kiʻekiʻe

I loko o kekahi mauʻoihanaʻoihana kūikawā, e like me nā paipu wela, nā paipu umu ahi, nā paipu hoʻopau engine, a me nā mea'ē aʻe, pono e hana nā paipu no ka manawa lōʻihi i kahi kiʻekiʻe wela. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka pena pale wela kiʻekiʻe e hoʻokō i kēia koi.
Hiki i ka pena kiʻekiʻe ke kūpaʻa i ka paʻa o ka uhi ma lalo o nā kūlana wela kiʻekiʻe, me ka palupalu ʻole, kahe, hāʻule a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO kāna mau mea nui he resin pale wela kiʻekiʻe, puaʻa pale wela a me nā mea hoʻopiha hana. ʻO ka silikoni kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ka peʻa pale he ʻano maʻamau me ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe maikaʻi loa a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi i ka pae wela o 200 ° C a 600 ° C. Hiki i ka peʻa kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe inorganic ke kū i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, a hiki i 800 ° C a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o 1000 ° C, akā maikaʻi ʻole kona maʻalahi a hoʻopili.
I mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i ka hopena o ka pena wela kiʻekiʻe, koi ʻia ka pretreatment koʻikoʻi ma ka ʻili o ka pipeline ma mua o ka hana ʻana e wehe i ka aila, ka ʻōpala a me ka oxide. I ka manawa like, i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana, pono e uku ʻia ka nānā ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i ka mānoanoa a me ka like ʻole o ka uhi e pale aku i ka hiki ʻana mai o ka mānoanoa a i ʻole ka lahilahi.

(4) Pena hoʻokaʻawale

No nā paipu e hoʻouna i ka mana a i ʻole i hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea uila, e like me nā paipu pale pale, nā hale transformer, etc., he mea koʻikoʻi ka hana insulation. Hiki i ka pena insulating ke hana i kahi papa insulating maikaʻi ma ka ʻili o ka pipeline, pale i ka leaka o kēia manawa, a hōʻoia i ka hana palekana o nā mea uila.
Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia ka pena insulating me ka resin synthetic, solvent a me ka insulating filler, a loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa insulation maikaʻi, ke kūpaʻa uila a me ka pale ʻana i ka wai. ʻO nā pena insulating maʻamau e pili ana i ka pena alkyd insulating, polyester insulating pena, epoxy insulating pena a pēlā aku. Ke koho ʻana i ka pena insulating, pono e noʻonoʻo pono i nā mea e like me ka volta hana, hoʻohana i ka ʻona a me nā koi insulation o ka pipeline.

(5) Pena pale kaiapuni

Me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka nānā ʻana o ka honua i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni, ua lilo ka peʻa paipu kūlohelohe i ke ʻano ulu o ka mākeke. ʻO kēia ʻano pena e hōʻemi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā mea hoʻohuihui volatile (VOC) i ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana, e hōʻemi i ka haumia o ke kaiapuni lewa, a e hōʻemi pū i ka pōʻino olakino i nā limahana hana a me nā mea hoʻohana.
ʻO ka pena hoʻomalu kaiapuni ka nui o ka pena wai, ka pena paʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ka pena solvent-free a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana ka pena wai wai i ka wai e like me ka diluent, ʻaʻole i loko o ka solvent organik, loaʻa nā mea maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni, palekana, non-flammable a pēlā aku. Ma ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka mea paʻa i loko o ka pena, ua ho'ēmiʻia ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe, pēlā e ho'ēmi ai i ka hoʻokuʻuʻana o VOC. ʻO ka pena solvent ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai kino a me nā mea kemika, akā ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā koi kūkulu.
ʻAʻole maikaʻi wale ka pena pale kaiapuni i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni, ke hoʻomaikaʻi mau nei kāna hana, hiki ke hoʻokō i nā pono palekana o nā paipu like ʻole, a ua hāʻawi maikaʻi i ka hoʻomohala hoʻomau.

3. ke koho ʻana i nā wahi pena paipu

ʻO ke koho ʻana i ka pena paipu kūpono ke kī e hōʻoia i ka hopena pale a me ke ola lawelawe o ka paipu. I ka wā e koho ai, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia nā mea he nui e hoʻokō i nā koi o ka pipeline i loko o ke kaiapuni kikoʻī a me nā kūlana hana.

(A) ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaiapuni pipeline

ʻO nā kūlana kaiapuni o ka paipu ka mea e noʻonoʻo nui ai i ke koho ʻana i ka pena paipu. Loaʻa i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa nā koi like ʻole no ka hana ʻana o nā uhi.
Inā hoʻokomo ʻia ka pipeline i loko o kahi ʻāina haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, e like me nā paipu wai, nā paipu kinoea ma lalo o ka honua, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, pono e koho i kahi pena me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion. ʻO kēia ʻano pena ka mea maʻamau ka maikaʻi o ka pale wai a me ke kūpaʻa kemika, hiki ke pale pono i ka ʻānai ʻana o ka wai a me nā kemika i loko o ka lepo lalo.
No nā paipu i hōʻikeʻia i waho, e like me nā paipu wela ma luna, nā paipu aila, a me nā mea'ē aʻe, pono lākou e pale i ka ho'āʻo o nā mea kūlohelohe e like me kaʻikeʻana o ka lā, ka ua, ka makani a me ke one. No laila, pono e koho ʻia ka pena paipu me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi a me ka pale ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu e hōʻoia i ka paʻa ʻana o ka uhi i loko o kahi kaiapuni waho lōʻihi.
Inā ʻo ka pipeline i kahi ʻano wela kiʻekiʻe, e like me nā pipeline umu ahi ʻoihana, nā pipelines mahuka wela, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pena kiʻekiʻe. Hiki i kēia pena ke mālama i kona mau kino kino a me nā kemika i nā wela kiʻekiʻe, e pale ana i ka pipeline mai ka deformation, corrosion a me nā pilikia ʻē aʻe ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe wela.

(B) Nā mea i lawe ʻia e nā paipu

ʻO ka mea i lawe ʻia e ka pipeline he hopena koʻikoʻi i ke koho ʻana i ka pena paipu. Loaʻa i nā mea ʻokoʻa nā mea kemika a me nā waiwai kino, hiki ke kumu i ka ʻinoʻino, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a ʻaʻahu paha i ka uhi paipu.
Inā lawe ka pipeline i nā wai corrosive, e like me nā waikawa, alkalis, nā paʻakai paʻakai, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a laila pono ʻoe e koho i kahi pena anticorrosive hiki ke kū i ka erosion o nā mea kemika pili. No ka laʻana, pono e hoʻohana ka pipeline e lawe ana i ka waikawa sulfuric i ka pena wai-kūpaʻa, a ʻo ka pipeline e lawe ana i ka sodium hydroxide solution pono e hoʻohana i ka pena alkali.
No ka lawe ʻana i nā mea pahū a me nā mea pahū e like me ka aila a me ke kinoea maoli, ma waho aʻe o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka hana anti-corrosion, pono nō hoʻi e koho i kahi pena paipu me ka hana anti-static maikaʻi e pale ai i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka uila static mai ke ahi. a i ʻole nā pōʻino pahū.
Inā he meaʻai a inu wai paha, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke koho ʻana i ka pena, pono e hoʻohana i ka peʻa hoʻomalu kaiapuni non-toxic i kūpono i nā kūlana olakino, e hōʻoia ʻaʻole i haumia nā mea i lawe ʻia, e pale i ke olakino a me ka palekana o ka lehulehu. .

(C) Nā kūlana kūkulu

Loaʻa i nā kūlana kūkulu ka hopena pololei i ke koho a me ka hopena o ke kūkulu ʻana i ka pena pipeline. ʻO ke ʻano o ke kūkulu ʻana, ka ea o ke kahua kūkulu, a me nā koi o ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili he mau mea pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia.
Ua kūpono nā pena paipu like ʻole no nā ʻano hana hana like ʻole. No ka laʻana, kūpono kekahi mau pena no ka palaki ʻana ma muli o ko lākou viscosity kiʻekiʻe a hiki ke hoʻopili like ʻia i ka ʻili o ka paipu ma lalo o ka hana o ka pulupulu; ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā pena ʻē aʻe no ka pulupulu ʻana no ka mea ua hana lākou i kahi uhi ʻoi aku ka lahilahi a ʻoi aku ka like.
He mea nui hoʻi ka ea o ke kahua kūkulu. Ma nā wahi maikaʻi ʻole, pono e koho ʻia ka pena me nā mea hoʻohuihui organik haʻahaʻa (VOC) e hōʻemi i ka pōʻino i ke olakino o nā limahana hana a me ka haumia i ke kaiapuni.
Eia kekahi, ʻo nā koi lapaʻau o ka ʻili paipu e pili pū i ke koho ʻana o ka pena. Inā ʻeleʻele loa ka ʻili o ka pipeline a i ʻole nā mea haumia e like me ka aila, pono e koho i kahi pena paipu e hiki ke hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole o ka ʻili, a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili ma mua o ke kūkulu ʻana.

(D) Puke kālā

Ke koho ʻana i ka pena paipu, ʻo ke kālā kekahi mea ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia. ʻO ke kumukūʻai o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā hōʻailona o ka pena paipu ʻokoʻa loa, no laila pono ke koho kūpono e like me ka waihona kālā ma lalo o ke kumu o ka hālāwai ʻana i nā koi palekana.
Ma keʻano laulā, ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi o nā pena paipu hana kiʻekiʻe, akā hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi i ke ola lawelawe lōʻihi a me ka pale ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Inā kaupalena ka waihona kālā, hiki iā ʻoe ke koho i kekahi mau huahana kumu kūʻai, akā e hōʻoia e hiki i kāna hana ke hoʻokō i nā pono palekana kumu o ka pipeline.
I ka manawa like, pono e noʻonoʻo i ke kumukūʻai mālama o ka pena paipu. ʻO kekahi mau pena paipu kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai he kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻopukapuka mua ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka holo lōʻihi ma muli o ko lākou paʻa maikaʻi a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka mālama ʻana.

4, ka ʻenehana hana o ka pena paipu

He loulou koʻikoʻi ka ʻenehana kūkulu kūpono e hōʻoia i ka hopena pale o ka pena pipeline. Ma ka hahai pono ʻana i ke kaʻina hana maʻamau e hiki ai iā mākou ke hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi a me ka hana o ka uhi ʻana i nā pahuhopu i manaʻo ʻia.

(1) Lapaʻau ʻili

ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻili ʻana ke kumu nui o ke kūkulu ʻana i ka pena pipeline, a ʻo kona ʻano maikaʻi e pili pono i ka adhesion a me ka hopena pale o ka uhi.
Ma mua o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka ʻili, pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka ʻili o ka pipeline e wehe i nā mea haumia e like me ka aila, ka lepo, ka ʻōpala, a me ka oxide. No nā paipu ʻeleʻele koʻikoʻi, hana maʻamau ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻōpala e ka sandblasting, pickling, grinding a me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ke one he ala maʻamau e hoʻoneʻe ai i ka ʻōpala, kahi e hoʻoneʻe ai i ka ʻōpala a me ka papa oxidation ma ka paʻi ʻana i ka ʻili o ka pipeline me nā ʻāpana one i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe, i hiki ai ka ʻili i kahi ʻano ʻino a hoʻonui i ka adhesion o ka uhi. ʻO Pickling ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka waika e hoʻoheheʻe i ka ʻōpala a me ka oxide ma ka ʻili o ka pipeline, akā pono e hoʻolohe i ka mālama ʻana i ka neutralization a me ka holoi ʻana ma hope o ka pickling e pale aku i ke koena o ka waikawa mai ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka lua i ka pipeline. He kūpono ka wili ʻana no ka ʻōpala kūloko a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili liʻiliʻi.
Ma waho aʻe o ka weheʻana i ka'ōpala, pono e wehe i kaʻaila a me ka lepo ma kaʻili o ka pipeline. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano e like me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe solvent, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe lye a i ʻole ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wai kiʻekiʻe. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili, pono ke nānā ʻia i ka manawa e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka paipu i nā koi o ka maʻemaʻe a me nā koi.

(2) Ka uhi mua

ʻO ka pre-coating ka hana o ka uhi mua ʻana i nā ʻāpana o ka pipeline paʻakikī e pena, e like me ka weld, ke kihi, ka hui bolt.
Ma muli o keʻano paʻakikī, hiki i kēia mau'āpana ke pilikia i nā pilikia e like me ka uhi lahilahi a me ka uhiʻole i ka hana pena maʻamau, no laila pono e mālama muaʻia. ʻO ka pena i hoʻohanaʻia i ka uhi muaʻana e like me ka uhi nui, a pono e hanaʻia ke kūkuluʻana me kahi pulupulu a iʻole kahi pū puhi liʻiliʻi e mālama pono i kēia mau māhele.

(3) Pena

ʻO ka pena ka loulou kumu o ke kūkulu ʻana i ka pena paipu, e like me ke ʻano o ka pena paipu a me nā koi kūkulu, koho i ke ʻano pena kiʻi kūpono.
ʻO ka uhi ʻana i ka pulupulu he ʻano hana kuʻuna, kūpono no kahi liʻiliʻi, ʻano paʻakikī o ka paipu a i ʻole ka hoʻoponopono kūloko. I ka wā e hoʻohana ai i ka pulupulu, e hoʻolohe i ka paʻakikī a me ka laulā o nā bristles, a me ke kuhikuhi a me ka ikaika o ka pulupulu, e hōʻoia i ke ʻano o ka uhi ʻana a ʻaʻohe leakage.
He kūpono ka uhi ʻana o Roller no kahi wahi nui o ka pipeline palahalaha, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana hana, akā ʻoi aku ka lahilahi o ka mānoanoa o ka uhi.
He kūpono ka uhi ʻana o Roller no kahi wahi nui o ka pipeline palahalaha, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana hana, akā ʻoi aku ka lahilahi o ka mānoanoa o ka uhi.

E pili ana iā mākou

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