No nā papahele kahua kaʻa ma lalo o ka honua, ʻo nā hoʻonā papahele maʻamau e komo pū ana me: papahele epoxy, papahele paʻa a me ka papahele penetrant paʻakikī.
Papahele epoxy: papahele epoxy hale kaʻa
ʻO ka papahele epoxy, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka pena papahele epoxy resin ma ke ʻano he mea nui, me ke one/pauka quartz ma ke ʻano he mea kōkua, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wili ʻana, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, ke kahakaha ʻana, ka ʻōwili ʻana a i ʻole ka pīpī ʻana a me nā ʻano hana kūkulu ʻē aʻe, e kiʻi i ka ʻili o ka papahele. Ma hope o ke kūkulu ʻana i ka honua, uhi ka papa epoxy i ka sima sima mauʻu, no laila e hoʻokaʻawale pono i ka sima mauʻu mai nā pilikia e like me ke one, ka lepo a pēlā aku. ʻO ka ʻili o ka papahele epoxy, ʻaʻohe lepo, kūpaʻa i ke komo ʻana, maʻalahi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe, waihoʻoluʻu ʻālohilohi.
ʻO nā hoʻonā papahele epoxy i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e like me ka papahele kaʻa: papahele epoxy ʻano mortar, papahele epoxy ʻano uhi lahilahi, papahele epoxy ʻano hoʻohālikelike ponoʻī.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana maʻamau: ka wili ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka papahele epoxy, hoʻokahi primer epoxy, hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mortar epoxy, ʻelua putty epoxy, ʻelua uhi ʻili epoxy. ʻO ka mānoanoa ma waena o 0.8-1.5mm.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana maʻamau o ka papahele epoxy ʻano uhi lahilahi: wili a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka substrate, hoʻokahi primer epoxy, hoʻokahi mortar epoxy, hoʻokahi putty epoxy, hoʻokahi uhi ʻili epoxy. ʻO ka mānoanoa ma waena o 0.5-0.8mm.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana papahele epoxy hoʻohālikelike ponoʻī, ʻo ke kaʻina hana maʻamau: wili a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka substrate, hoʻokahi primer epoxy, ʻelua mortar epoxy, hoʻokahi putty epoxy, hoʻokahi uhi mokulele kahe epoxy. ʻO ka mānoanoa ma waena o 2-3mm.
ʻO ka papahele epoxy ʻano uhi lahilahi, ma ka honua wale nō he pālahalaha loa ke kumu, maikaʻi loa ka ikaika o ka sima, a ua palena loa ke kālā hoʻolālā, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ka hopena o nā koi o ka hihia, ʻaʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ke ʻano maʻamau. ʻO ka papahele epoxy ʻano mortar, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka papahele epoxy ʻano uhi lahilahi, ʻoi aku ka pālahalaha o ka ʻili, palupalu, kū'ē i ke komo ʻana, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ke kū'ē i ka hopena, ʻo ia ka papahana papahele epoxy kahua kaʻa ma lalo o ka honua. Hoʻohana wale ʻia ka papahele epoxy hoʻohālikelike ponoʻī i nā keʻena aupuni, nā wahi ʻOlumepika a me nā papahana aupuni ʻē aʻe no nā kahua kaʻa ma lalo o ka honua. Eia kekahi, i nā papahana pākahi, ʻaʻole i alualu ka mea hoʻohana i ka palahalaha o ka ʻili a me nā hopena sensory, e hoʻoponopono wale i ka ʻili sima o ke one, ka lepo, aia ʻelua mau primer epoxy, ʻelua uhi luna epoxy o ka papahana papahele epoxy maʻalahi.
No laila, ʻo ke kumu hoʻoholo no ke koho ʻana i ke ʻano o ka papahana papahele epoxy, ʻo ka mea mua, ke kahua honua, ʻo ka lua, ke ʻano o ka hopena e pono ai ke hoʻokō ʻia, a laila ke kālā kumukūʻai. Ma waena o nā mea ʻekolu, ua maopopo, hoʻopihapiha.
Papahele pale ʻaʻahu
ʻO nā mea papahele sima e kū'ē i ke komo ʻana, i haku ʻia me ka sima kūikawā, ka ʻāhui kū'ē i ke komo ʻana (one quartz, emery, tin-titanium alloy, a me nā mea hoʻohui a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) a me nā mea hoʻohui a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, i ka hoʻokaʻawale kūpono ʻepekema me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ala i hui mua ʻia e ka hale hana e hana ai i ka pauka mai loko mai o ka ʻeke.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke kūkulu ʻana i ka papahele pale ʻaʻahu me ke kūkulu ʻana i ka sima sima. Ma hope o ka hoʻomoe maʻamau ʻana, ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana a me ka haʻalulu ʻana o ka sima sima ma luna o ka ʻili o ke kahua kaʻa ma lalo o ka honua, e hohola ʻia ka mea papahele pale ʻaʻahu i ka ʻili i ke kahua paʻa mua, a e kūkulu ʻia ka mea pale ʻaʻahu holoʻokoʻa me ka sima sima ma o ka mea hana kūikawā o ke kūkulu ʻana i ka papahele, ka mīkini hoʻomaʻemaʻe, i mea e hana ai i kahi papa pale ma ka papa ʻili o ka sima sima.
E like me kā kākou e ʻike nei, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka sima ma lalo o ka honua no ka pā kaʻa maʻamau C20, C25 maʻamau, C25 sima, no ka laʻana, ʻo ka ikaika compressive o ka ʻili ma kahi o 25MPA. Akā ma hope o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka papahele pale ʻaʻahu, hiki i ka ikaika compressive o ka ʻili ke hiki i 80MPA, a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o 100MPA, a ua hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe o ka ikaika flexural, ka ikaika pale ʻaʻahu a me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe.
No ka mea, no nā huahana sima ka papahele pale ʻaʻahu, no laila hiki ke hoʻohui maikaʻi ʻia me ka sima sima, inā ʻaʻole i haki ka sima mauʻu, e kūpaʻa ka papahele no nā makahiki he ʻumi me ka ʻole o ka haki ʻana, me ka ʻole o ka hāʻule ʻana. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole nani a momona ke kala e like me ka papahele epoxy, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hina hina, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻulaʻula a me nā kala kumu ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka sima sima maʻamau, ma muli o ka hana pono ʻole a me ke kūkulu ʻana, a i ʻole ka wā ʻino i nā makahiki, ua maʻalahi ke hoʻohuli i ke one, ka lepo, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka sima sima i ke one, ka pōhaku a me ka sima ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana. ʻO kēia ʻano kahua kaʻa honua, he mea pilikia loa ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ke kaiapuni, ua uhi ʻia ka ʻili o nā kaʻa i kū ʻia me ka lepo, a nui ka hoʻopiʻi a ka mea nona. ʻO ka papahele pale ʻaʻahu he hopena waiwai a kūpono hoʻi i kēia pilikia. ʻAʻole ʻike hou ʻia ka honua i ka one a me ka lepo, a me ka wili ʻana a me ka friction o ke kaʻa, e piʻi aʻe ka lepo pale ʻaʻahu i kekahi kekelē o ka luster.
ʻO nā papahele kaʻa ma lalo o ka honua he mau papahele kūpaʻa i ke komo ʻana, ʻo ka hapa nui he one quartz a he daimana hoʻi. ʻO ke kala he sima a hina paha.
papahele paʻakikī
ʻO ka papahele penetrant hale kaʻa e kū pono ana ma ka papahele sima, ka papahele pale one, ka papahele terrazzo, a pēlā aku. Inā ua ninini ʻia ka hale kaʻa i ka sima a me ka lepo kalena, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hana pololei i ka papahele penetrant a Yade, he maʻalahi ke kūkulu ʻana, ʻo nā ʻōkuhi loea a me ka papahele pale ʻaʻahu e like me ka mālama hope he maʻalahi loa ia, ʻo ia hoʻi ka pono o ka papahele penetrant hale kaʻa. ʻO ka papahele Yade i ka wā mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka papahele penetrant, ʻo ia ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi pani no ka papahele epoxy, akā ʻo nā pono pale ʻaʻahu hoʻi, ʻaʻole i like ke kala o ka papahele penetrant ma hope o ke kūkulu ʻana i ka papahele epoxy me he kala lā, akā ʻaʻole nui ka ʻokoʻa, aia ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā mea ʻelua i ka mānoanoa o ka papahele epoxy he mānoanoa iki, i ka wā i kūkulu ʻia ai ka maikaʻi ʻole, he maʻalahi loa ka ʻili ʻana i ka hanana ʻili, a he mea paʻakikī loa ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana, a ʻo ke kuleana o ka mīkini o ka papahele Yade. ʻO ke ʻano o ka papahele penetrant ka komo ʻana o ka papahele sima, a pane pū me ka sima, a laila e hana i ka ʻili i pani ʻia, ʻaʻole wale ia e hoʻoponopono i ka one sima a me ka hina hina i ka manawa like hiki ke hoʻonui nui i ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili sima, a i ka manawa like ma ka hopena waikawa a me ka alkali e pāʻani i kahi kuleana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea nona ka home ma ka mākeke e hoʻohana i ka papahele penetrant ma ke ʻano he papahele hale kaʻa mua.
Papahana kūkulu kahua kaʻa ma waho
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi kahua kaʻa waho:papahele sima permeable kala, papahele kālai ʻia kiʻi.
Nā hoʻonā kūkulu maʻamau no ka papahele alapiʻi hale kaʻa
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka papahele alapiʻi hale kaʻa:ala kaʻa ʻaʻole haʻalulu, ala hele ʻaʻole paheʻe one
Hoʻolālā hoʻolālā hale kaʻa
Nā hōʻailona a me nā pono o ka hale kaʻa
